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{"acknowledgement": "Red Hat would like to thank Ali Raza for reporting this issue.", "bugzilla": {"description": "libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file()", "id": "2451615", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2451615"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "6.7", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-367", "details": ["A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base, or stability."}, "name": "CVE-2026-4878", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "libcap", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "compat-libcap1", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "libcap", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "compat-libcap1", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "libcap", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "libcap", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "libcap", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "libcap", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhcos", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}], "public_date": "2026-04-06T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-4878\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4878\nhttps://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447554"], "statement": "This is an Important flaw. A Time-of-Check-to-Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition in libcap's cap_set_file() allows a local unprivileged user to escalate privileges. An attacker with write access to a parent directory can exploit a narrow window during file capability updates to redirect capabilities to an attacker-controlled file. This can lead to the injection of elevated privileges into an unintended executable when privileged processes, such as setcap or container tooling, invoke cap_set_file() on attacker-influenced paths.", "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": null}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "manual", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "manual"}]}, "original": {"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Red Hat"}, "product": "enterprise_linux", "vendor": "redhat"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": null}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "manual", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "manual"}]}, "original": {"product": "Red Hat Hardened Images", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Red Hat"}, "product": "hardened_images", "vendor": "redhat"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": null}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 95.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 95.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 96.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Red Hat"}, "product": "openshift_container_platform", "vendor": "redhat"}], "analysis": {"en": {"generated_at": "2026-04-09T19:23:11.833779+00:00", "value": {"mitigation_remediation": ["Apply the most recent patched version of libcap from Red\u202fHat\u2019s official repositories as soon as it becomes available.", "Limit write permissions on directories that contain capability files so that only privileged users can modify them.", "Monitor the Red\u202fHat security advisory page and apply new updates promptly.", "No official workaround is provided; applying the vendor patch is currently the only remediation."], "summary": {"action": "Apply Patch", "impact": "Privilege Escalation"}, "threat_synthesis": {"affected_systems": "Red\u202fHat Enterprise Linux versions 6 through 10, Red\u202fHat Hardened Images, and Red\u202fHat OpenShift Container Platform\u202f4 are listed as affected. Any system running the vulnerable version of libcap within these products is vulnerable; the user does not need initial elevated rights beyond write access to the relevant directory.", "description_and_impact": "A flaw in libcap\u2019s cap_set_file() implementation creates a time\u2011of\u2011check-to-time\u2011of\u2011use race condition. A local, unprivileged user who can write in the parent directory of a capability file can redirect capability updates to an attacker\u2011controlled file, thereby injecting or stripping capabilities from executables and obtaining elevated privileges. This vulnerability is a classic race condition, identified as CWE\u2011367.", "risk_and_exploitability": "The CVSS score is 6.7, indicating moderate severity. The EPSS score is not available and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog. Exploitation requires local access and the ability to write in a directory that contains capability files; no publicly known exploits exist yet. Since no official workaround is available, the risk persists until the patch is applied. Users should monitor for updates and consider restricting file\u2011level write permissions as a temporary measure."}}}}, "created": "2026-04-10T08:53:20.770908+00:00", "updated": "2026-04-10T09:32:33.396611+00:00", "vendors": ["redhat", "redhat$PRODUCT$enterprise_linux", "redhat$PRODUCT$hardened_images", "redhat$PRODUCT$openshift_container_platform"]}